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Harold Acton
Sir Harold Mario Mitchell Acton CBE (5 July 1904 – 27 February 1994) was a British writer, scholar, and dilettante. Born at Villa La Pietra, near Florence, Italy, Acton's father was a successful art collector and dealer, and his prominent Anglo-Italian family included the historian Lord Acton, and, more distantly, Sir John Acton, Commodore and prime minister of Naples under Ferdinand IV.
The young Acton attended a private school in Florence until 1913, followed, among others, by Wixenford School near Reading in southern England (alongside Kenneth Clark), and Chateau de Lancy, in Geneva, Switzerland, and ultimately Eton, which he entered in May 1918 (alongside contemporaries George Orwell, Brian Howard, and Anthony Powell). There, Acton was a founding member of the Eton Arts Society, and contributed poetry to The Eton Candle. In October 1923 Harold went up to Oxford to read Modern Greats at Christ Church, and while there he co-founded the avant garde magazine The Oxford Broom, and published his first book of poems, ''Aquarium'' (1923). In this phase of life and following it, Acton moved in the circles of, was influenced by, and he himself influenced many intellectual and literary figures of pre-war Britain; Acton is noted by Evelyn Waugh for having inspired, in part, the character of Anthony Blanche ''Brideshead Revisited'' (1945).
Following Oxford, Acton split time between Paris, London, and Florence, and sought to find his voice as a poet and writer, with historical work eventually providing his most notable successes. Acton's non-historical works include four volumes of poetry, three novels, two novellas, two volumes of short stories, a memoir of Nancy Mitford, and two volumes of autobiography; his historical works include ''The Last Medici'', a study of the later Medici Grand Dukes and two large volumes on the House of Bourbon, rulers of the Kingdom of Naples in the 18th and earlier 19th century, which together constituted his ''magnum opus''. Leaving Europe for Beijing, China, Acton's work continued to focus on literary and historical subjects; he remained in China until it was enveloped by the war, in 1939. Returning to England, Acton joined the R.A.F. as a liaison officer in the Mediterranean, and after the war returned to Florence, restoring La Pietra to its pre-war glory. Acton was knighted in 1974.
Acton never married, maintained a cultural and historical commitment to the Catholic Church, and was referred by his contemporaries, with regard to his personal life, as being withdrawn. He died at the age of 89, in Florence, leaving Villa La Pietra to New York University, to be used as a centre for international programmes and a meeting place for students, faculty, and guests to study, teach, and write. Acton is buried beside his parents and brother in the Roman Catholic section of the Cimitero Evangelico degli Allori in the southern suburb of Florence, Galluzzo.
== Life ==
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